Investments in public health should prioritise prevention. This should target the whole community, including those at risk of perpetrating CSA, who have been abused, and those who have abused others.

Governments must establish laws that criminalise all offences relating to child sexual exploitation and abuse online, based on approved international frameworks while seeking to avoid the criminalisation of children themselves.

Create a campaign of communication and activities to drive awareness and education on the matter of CSA and online harms. This campaign should be designed by media specialists who have experience in delivering difficult messaging across multiple platforms and demographics.

We need to identify the legal barriers that are preventing LEAs from international collaboration and data sharing and establish mechanisms that can be shared amongst organisations to overcome these obstacles.

Hash sets of known victims should be regularly shared across organisations and jurisdictions to reduce duplication of effort arising from a lack of global coordination and ensure victim ID databases are being kept up to date.

Identify feasible end-to-end welfare initiatives that can be implemented to improve the wellbeing of officers and staff, working on CSAE related cases. These initiatives should consider the use of technology to reduce exposure to disturbing content and identify key intervention points where individuals will be proactively assessed and supported.

There is a need to develop a trauma-led online harm response model, drawing upon existing survivor networks where possible to understand the victim journey and key system interaction points.

Define and communicate common categories of victim types so that victims can be correctly identified and system responders can tailor their response to be as effective as possible

Develop a trauma-led online harms response model to understand the victim journey and key system interaction points.